پروژه بازیابی گازهای فلر

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تعداد صفحات:94

فهرست ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ:
ﻋﻨﻮان ﺻﻔﺤﻪ
ﻓﺼﻞ اول................................................................................................................................................................................................   1....
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺮ در ﺟﻬﺎن.........................................................................................................................................................   1
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ............................................................................................................................................................................................   1
-1  ﻓﻠﺮ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟.........................................................................................................................................................................   2
-2  ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﻦﻳ  ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﻠﺮ........................................................................................................................................................   2
-3  ﻋﻠﺖ وﺟﻮد ﻓﻠﺮ در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ............................................................................................................................................   3
-4  ﻋﻠﺖ دود ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻓﻠﺮﻫﺎ و ﺑﻮی ﻧﺎﻣﻄﺒﻮع.............................................................................................................   3
-5  ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺗﺨﻠ ﻪﻴ  ﺷﺪه از ﻓﻠﺮ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا ...............................................................................................................   4
- 6  اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪن ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻠﺮ.........................................................................................................................................   4
-7  ﻣﻮاردی ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻓﻠﺮ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺑﺎ ﺪﻳ  ﮔﺰارش دﻫﻨﺪ.....................................................................................   4
-8  اﺛﺮات ﻓﻠﺮ.................................................................................................................................................................................   4
ﻓﻠﺮ در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ............................................................................................................................................................................   7
ﻳ اﻞﻳدﻻ ﺠﺎد ﺷﺮا ﻂﻳ  اﺿﻄﺮاری..................................................................................................................................................   8
14   .......................................................................................................................(ME-2501,2502)ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﻌﻞ
ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﺪﻴاﺳ ی(16   ........................................................................................................................ (ACID FLARE
ﻓﺼﻞ دوم................................................................................................................................................................................................   19
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ارﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺮ.....................................................................................................................................   19
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ .........................................................................................................................................................................................   19
- 1-2  اﻧﺘﺨﺎب راﻫﻜﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ.......................................................................................................................................................   20
- 2-2  ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟ ﺪﻴ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺮاز ﻃﺮ ﻖﻳ  ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮا ﻂﻳ  ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ........................................................................................   22
-1-2 -2  ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮﻴ ی از ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻴ ﺷ ﺮﻫﺎی اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن و ﺳﺎ ﺮﻳ  وﺳﺎ ﻞﻳ  ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ...............................................................................   22
-2-2 -2  ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮﻴ ی از ﻧﺸﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ............................................................................................................................   24
-3-2 -2  اﺻﻼح ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎی آب ﺗﺮش.............................................................................................................................   25
- 3-2  ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗ ﺪﻴﻮﻟ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺮ از ﻃﺮ ﻖﻳ ﻲﺎﺑﻳ ﺑﺎز  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ارﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺮ..........................................................................   26
-1-3 -2  روش ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺮ....................................................................................................................   27
-2-3 -2  اﺻﻮل اوﻟ ﻪﻴ ﻲﺎﺑﻳ ﺑﺎز  ﮔﺎز یﻫﺎ  ﻓﻠﺮ..................................................................................................................................   27
-3-3 -2  ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻳ ﺑﺎز ﺎﻓﺖ...............................................................................................................................................................   29
-4-3 -2  ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻴ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻲﺎﺑﻳ ﺑﺎز ...................................................................................................................   33
ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻴ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻲﺎﺑﻳ ﺑﺎز  ﻓﻠﺮ : .........................................................................................................   34
37   ..........................................................................(Liquid Ring Compressor)  ﻣﺎ ﻊﻳ رﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎی  4-2 -
اﺳﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮر ﺑﺎ رﻳﻨﮓ ﻊﻳ ﻣﺎ .....................................................................................................................................   37
ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم...............................................................................................................................................................................................   39
ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ روﺷﻬﺎی دﻓﻊ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی زاﺋﺪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﻫﺎی ﻴ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎی ﻓﻠﺮ..........................................................................   39
ﻴﭼﻜ ﺪه ........................................................................................................................................................................................   39
39   ............................................................................................................................................................................ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ  1-3 -

2-3  اﺟﺰا ﻳ ی ﻚ ﻴ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻠﺮ: ..............................................................................................................................................   40
- 3-3  اﻧﻮاع روﺷﻬﺎی دﻓﻊ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی زاﺋﺪ: ...............................................................................................................................   40
- 4-3  ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮه از ﻓﻠﺮﻫﺎ:..................................................................................................................................................   41
ﻴﺗﺄﺛ ﺮات ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮه از ﻓﻠﺮﻫﺎ:.....................................................................................................................................................   42
- 5-3   ﺿﺮورﺗﻬﺎ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﻠﺮﻫﺎ:........................................................................................................................................   43
- ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎی ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ:...........................................................................................................................................................   44
- ﺷﺪت ﺟﺮﻳ :ﺎن ...............................................................................................................................................................................   44
- ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﮔﺎز:...................................................................................................................................................................................   45
- ﻓﺸﺎر ﮔﺎز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد:.........................................................................................................................................................................   45
- ﻫﺰ ﻨﻪﻳ  ﻫﺎ ﻲﺘﻴﺘﻠﻴﻴﻮﺗﻳ ی  و در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن:........................................................................................................................   45
ﻴ ﻧ- ﺎزﻫﺎی ﻳ ز ﺴﺖ ﻣﺤ ﻄﻴ :ﻲ ...........................................................................................................................................................   46
ﻴ ﻧ- ﺎزﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ :ﻲ ......................................................................................................................................................................   46
ﻴ ﻧ- ﺎزﻫﺎی :ﻲﻤﻨﻳ ا ............................................................................................................................................................................   47
- ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ:.............................................................................................................................................................   47
- ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ: .........................................................................................................................................................................   48
- ﻴرﻟﺪﻴ ﻫ ﻚ:.....................................................................................................................................................................................   48
- دﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ :ﻊﻳ ......................................................................................................................................................................................   49
-  ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا:......................................................................................................................................................................................   50
- ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ:..............................................................................................................................................................................   50
- ﻓﺮو ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪن دود: .........................................................................................................................................................................   51
-  ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﻳﺪن/ :ﺻﺪا ............................................................................................................................................................   51
-6 -3  ﺿﺮورت ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻓﻠﺮﻫﺎ:...........................................................................................................................................   52
-6 -1-3  ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻤﺎ :ﺖﻳ ...........................................................................................................................   53
-6 -2-3  ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎی ﻊﻳ ﻣﺎ .............................................................................................................................................   54
-6 -3-3  ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ﺎﻴ ت ﻓﻠﺮ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آن:.....................................................................................................................................   54
- ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﻓﻠﺮ: ............................................................................................................................................................   55
-  ﺗﺴﺖ ﻛﺮدن ﭼﺎﻫﻬﺎ:...................................................................................................................................................................   56
ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘ :ﻲ ...........................................................................................................................................................................   56
ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﺻﻮﺗ :ﻲ ............................................................................................................................................................................   60
ﻳﺑﺎز ﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﺎز ﻣﺎ ﻊﻳ  ﻃﺒ :ﻲﻌﻴ .............................................................................................................................................................   62
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم............................................................................................................................................................................................   64
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ارﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزی ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎی ﻳ ز ﺴﺖ ﻣﺤ ﻄﻴ ﻲ
64   ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ﻴﭼﻜ ﺪه ........................................................................................................................................................................................   64
65   .........................................................................................................................................................................................ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ  1-
-2  ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻴ ﺳ  ﺘﻢ 66   ..............................................................................................................................................................FGR
-3  ﺷﺮح ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ...............................................................................................................................................................................   68
-4 ﻴ ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ ﺮﻴ ﮔ ی..............................................................................................................................................................................   72
ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ.............................................................................................................................................................................................   74

ﻓﻨﺎوری اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮای ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻮردی......................   74
ﻴﭼﻜ ﺪه ........................................................................................................................................................................................   74
75   ........................................................................................................................................................................................:ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ  1-
-2  ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ  ﻲﺎﺑﻳ ﺑﺎز FGR
1
77   ...........................................................................................................................................................
-3 ﻴ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ زاد ﻛﻮ..........................................................................................................................................................................   78
4_ ﺴﻴ ﺳ ﺘﻢ ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ  اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪهﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ یﻫﺎ ZADCO,JODCO و83   .................................ADMA OPCO
-5  ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞﻳ  ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎزﻣﻨﺎ ﻊﻳ  ﻃﺒ ﻲﻌﻴ ( 86   ......................................................................................................(NGL
89   ...........................................................................................................................................................................LPG 6 -ﺑﺎز ﻲﺎﺑﻳ
ﻴﻧﺘ-7 ﺠﻪ ﮔ ﺮﻴ ی...............................................................................................................................................................................   91
ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ : ...................................................................................................................................................................................................93

ﻓﺼﻞ اول   
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺮ در ﺟﻬﺎن  
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ   
     ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ   110 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ از ﮔﺎزﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﻓﻠﺮﻫـﺎ  
ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد    . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﮔﺎز ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ
ﺳﻮﺧﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎی ﻣﺮﻛﺰی و ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ آﻟﻤﺎن و ﻳﺎ اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ را ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺎزد