Factors influencing health care workers’ adherence to work site tuberculosis screening and treatment policies

اختصاصی از هایدی Factors influencing health care workers’ adherence to work site tuberculosis screening and treatment policies دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Heather A. Joseph, MPH,a Robin Shrestha-Kuwahara, MPH,a Diane Lowry, MPH, MSW,a Lauren A. Lambert, MPH,a
Adelisa L. Panlilio, MD, MPH,b Beth G. Raucher, MD, MSHCM,c James M. Holcombe, MPPA,d Jan Poujade, RN, MS,e
Diane M. Rasmussen, RN,f and Maureen Wilce, MSa
Atlanta, Georgia, New York, New York, Jackson, Mississippi, Portland, Oregon, and Kansas City, Missouri
Background: Despite the known risk of tuberculosis (TB) to health care workers (HCWs), research suggests that many are not fully
adherent with local TB infection control policies. The objective of this exploratory study was to identify factors influencing HCWs’
adherence to policies for routine tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI).
Methods: Sixteen focus groups were conducted with clinical and nonclinical staff at 2 hospitals and 2 health departments.
Participants were segmented by adherence to TST or LTBI treatment policies. In-depth, qualitative analysis was conducted to
identify facilitators and barriers to adherence.
Results: Among all focus groups, common themes included the perception that the TSTwas mandatory, the belief that conducting
TSTs at the work site facilitated adherence, and a general misunderstanding about TB epidemiology and pathogenesis. Adherent
groups more commonly mentioned facilitators, such as the perception that periodic tuberculin skin testing was protective and the
employee health (EH) provision of support services. Barriers, such as the logistic difficulty in obtaining the TST, the perception that
LTBI treatment was harmful, and a distrust of EH, emerged consistently in nonadherent groups.
Conclusions: This information may be used to develop more effective interventions for promoting HCW adherence to TB
prevention policies. Informed efforts can be implemented in coordination with reevaluations of infection control and EH programs
that may be prompted by the publication of the revised TB infection control guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention in 2005. (Am J Infect Control 2004;32:456-61.)

An evaluation of completeness of tuberculosis notification in the United Kingdom

اختصاصی از هایدی An evaluation of completeness of tuberculosis notification in the United Kingdom دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Abstract
Background: There has been a resurgence of tuberculosis worldwide, mainly in developing
countries but also affecting the United Kingdom (UK), and other Western countries. The control
of tuberculosis is dependent on early identification of cases and timely notification to public health
departments to ensure appropriate treatment of cases and screening of contacts. Tuberculosis is
compulsorily notifiable in the UK, and the doctor making or suspecting the diagnosis is legally
responsible for notification. There is evidence of under-reporting of tuberculosis. This has
implications for the control of tuberculosis as a disproportionate number of people who become
infected are the most vulnerable in society, and are less likely to be identified and notified to the
public health system. These include the poor, the homeless, refugees and ethnic minorities.
Method: This study was a critical literature review on completeness of tuberculosis notification
within the UK National Health Service (NHS) context. The review also identified data sources
associated with reporting completeness and assessed whether studies corrected for undercount
using capture-recapture (CR) methodology. Studies were included if they assessed completeness
of tuberculosis notification quantitatively. The outcome measure used was notification
completeness expressed between 0% and 100% of a defined denominator, or in numbers not
notified where the denominator was unknown.
Results: Seven studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified through
electronic and manual search of published and unpublished literature. One study used CR
methodology. Analysis of the seven studies showed that undernotification varied from 7% to 27%
in studies that had a denominator; and 38%–49% extra cases were identified in studies which
examined specific data sources like pathology reports or prescriptions for anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Cases notified were more likely to have positive microbiology than cases not notified which were
more likely to have positive histopathology or be surgical in-patients. Collation of prescription data
of two or more anti-tuberculosis drugs increases case ascertainment of tuberculosis.
Conclusion: The reporting of tuberculosis is incomplete in the UK, although notification is a
statutory requirement. Undernotification leads to an underestimation of the disease burden and
hinders implementation of appropriate prevention and control strategies. The notification systemneeds to be strengthened to include education and training of all sub-specialities involved in
diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis